![]() ![]() On biennial questionnaires participants were asked whether they had tried to become pregnant for more than 1 year without success since the previous questionnaire administration, and whether their inability to conceive was caused by tubal blockage, ovulatory disorder, endometriosis, cervical mucus factor, spousal factor, or reasons. Further follow-up was not performed because of the low number of women in this cohort who attempted to become or became pregnant after 1999. Our study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Brigham and Women’s Hospital.įollow-up for the current analysis started in 1991 and concluded in 1999. Diet was first measured in 1991 and has been updated every 4 years. These women have been followed every 2 years since then with mailed questionnaires. The Nurses’ Health Study II started in 1989 when more than 116,000 female registered nurses ages 24–42 completed and returned a mailed baseline questionnaire. 40 To investigate these associations, we prospectively evaluated whether intake of alcohol, caffeine, or specific alcoholic and caffeinated beverages were associated with the risk of infertility due to ovulatory disorders in a large group of apparently healthy women. 35– 39 Moreover, neither caffeine nor alcohol intake is related to biologic markers of ovarian aging. ![]() 34 Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common cause of anovulation in women of reproductive age, and the most common cause of infertility due to ovulation disorders. 29 However, caffeine and alcohol intake have both been linked to improved insulin sensitivity, 30– 33 which in turn has been related to improved ovulatory function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. 9, 15, 24 One potential explanation for these inconsistencies is the fact that most of the studies are retrospective, and thus subject to recall and other types of bias.Īlthough clear pathophysiologic mechanisms for the purported effects of caffeine and alcohol on fertility have not been elucidated, both substances have been suggested to affect ovulation. 1– 28 Results across studies are inconsistent, with studies showing deleterious effects of caffeine 2, 3, 5– 8, 12, 13, 18, 20 and alcohol 10, 17, 22, 25– 28 on fertility, and nearly as many studies showing no association 1, 4, 9, 11, 14 – 17, 19 – 21, 23 or even improved fertility with consumption of certain caffeinated or alcoholic beverages. To date, 28 studies have investigated whether these substances affect fertility in women. Thus, the speed of caffeine's action on psychomotor performance was shown to be on the order of minutes.No aspects of diet have been studied as much as caffeine and alcohol intake as potential disruptors of human fertility. Caffeine was found to reduce the effect of a distracter on reaction time in the keypress test and to reduce reaction time in a component of the touch-screen task however, in neither experiment were these effects significantly modulated by post-consumption delay length. In Experiment 2, a touch-screen test was given either 1, 14, or 27 min post consumption. In Experiment 1, participants were given a keypress task before the drink (baseline), immediately after the drink, and 40 min after the drink. ![]() Two control groups also received hot tea or water, but without caffeine. Two groups of participants were given 60 mg of caffeine, after overnight abstinence, either in a hot tea drink, or a hot water drink. Two experiments examined caffeine's ability to influence reaction time in choice reaction time tasks, using a dose of caffeine typical of a cup of tea or instant coffee, and testing at short post-consumption delays. Though consumers of tea and coffee can report feeling beneficial subjective effects of consumption virtually immediately, tests for objective effects of caffeine immediately post-consumption have been rare. ![]()
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